Mexico Independence Day celebrated on September 16, marks a pivotal moment in the country’s history when it gained freedom from Spanish colonial rule in 1810. While many are familiar with the general celebration, several intriguing details remain lesser-known. In this article, we dive into seven fascinating facts about Mexico Independence Day that shed light on the deeper significance of this historic day.
The War Lasted More Than a Decade
Most people associate Mexican Independence with the year 1810, but the war for independence lasted much longer than a single event. The revolution began on September 16, 1810, with the famous “Grito de Dolores” (Cry of Dolores) led by Father Miguel Hidalgo. However, Mexico’s hard-fought struggle for freedom continued until 1821, when the Treaty of Córdoba was signed, formally recognizing Mexico’s independence from Spain. The decade-long battle involved multiple leaders and alliances and affected all levels of society, making it one of the most complex independence movements in Latin America.
Father Hidalgo’s Role and the Grito de Dolores
Father Miguel Hidalgo, a Roman Catholic priest, is considered the father of Mexican independence. On the night of September 15, 1810, Hidalgo rang the church bell in the town of Dolores (now Dolores Hidalgo), calling for the people to rise against Spanish oppression. This moment, known as the Grito de Dolores, is commemorated every year with reenactments in Mexico, particularly in the Zócalo (main square) of Mexico City. His passionate call marked the beginning of the revolution. Although Hidalgo was captured and executed in 1811, his cry for liberty ignited the national movement.
It Wasn’t Always Celebrated on September 16
One of the most surprising facts about Mexico Independence Day is that it wasn’t always celebrated on September 16. Originally, the planned revolt was supposed to take place on October 2, 1810, but the conspiracy was discovered, forcing Hidalgo to move the uprising to an earlier date. Furthermore, after Mexico gained its independence, the date of celebration varied until September 16 was officially designated as a national holiday. This adjustment cemented the date in Mexican history and culture, symbolizing the power of the people’s resilience against colonization.
Common Confusion With Cinco de Mayo
A frequent misconception about Mexico Independence Day is its confusion with Cinco de Mayo. Unlike Mexican Independence Day, Cinco de Mayo commemorates the Battle of Puebla, a military victory over French forces in 1862. Though important, Cinco de Mayo is not a national holiday in Mexico and is mainly celebrated in specific regions like Puebla. On the other hand, September 16 holds far greater significance as it marks the day Mexico began its long struggle for true independence. Both holidays represent important historical events, but they are often misunderstood outside of Mexico.
The Rebellion Was Largely Fought by Ordinary Citizens
One of the most human aspects of Mexico’s fight for independence is that it was primarily fought by ordinary citizens. Unlike traditional military campaigns, the uprising was led by priests, farmers, and local villagers who had grown weary of Spanish oppression. Hidalgo’s initial army was composed of mestizos and indigenous people, many of whom were untrained and poorly armed. Despite this, the revolution gained momentum as these everyday Mexicans continued the fight for over a decade. Their involvement highlights the grassroots nature of the Mexican independence movement, making it a truly national cause.
The Role of Women in the Mexican Independence War
While the men on the battlefield often receive much of the attention, women played a crucial role in the Mexican Independence movement. Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, known as “La Corregidora,” was instrumental in the early stages of the revolution. She helped organize meetings between insurgents and alerted Miguel Hidalgo and others when Spanish authorities discovered the conspiracy. Other women, like Leona Vicario, supported the cause by raising funds, gathering intelligence, and even participating in combat. Their contributions were vital to the success of the war, yet their stories are often overshadowed by their male counterparts.
Mexican Independence Day Celebrations Across the Globe
While Mexico Independence Day is a major celebration within Mexico, it is also widely observed by Mexican communities around the world. Large festivities take place in cities like Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, where there are significant Mexican populations. These international celebrations feature similar traditions to those in Mexico, such as fireworks, traditional Mexican food, and performances of mariachi music. The Grito de Dolores is often reenacted by local Mexican leaders or diplomats, emphasizing the global significance of this day and the pride that Mexicans feel for their independence.
Conclusion
As Mexico Independence Day approaches each year, it’s essential to understand the rich history and the significant events that shaped this national holiday. From the long duration of the war to the crucial contributions of everyday citizens, there is much more to Mexican independence than the celebrations we see today. By diving into these seven lesser-known facts, we gain a deeper appreciation for the sacrifices made and the strength of the Mexican people in their fight for freedom. September 16 will forever remain a symbol of Mexico’s enduring spirit and determination.
